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Representational Systems
Definition
Representational systems are the ways we access, process and store information once it is received through the five senses. In addition to the specific words and phrases we use (see table below for examples which will show you your own predominant pattern) the system in use at any time can be identified through ...
Purpose
To demonstrate how you can ...
- Increase your levels of rapport (and therefore influence) through identifying and utilising your communication partner's representational system preferences.
- Build the effectiveness of presentations by including a full range of representational systems in your language.
This table shows some of the basic patterns and indicators that most people will find useful in their everyday business dealings:
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Visual
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Auditory
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Kinaesthetic
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Indicator
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Vocal Effects
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Pitch/tone high
Fast speech
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Medium pitch/tone
Medium pace
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Deep pitch
Slow pace
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Gestures
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High level
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Medium level
Hand at mouth
Head to one side
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Low level
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Breathing
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High in chest
Reasonably fast
Often shallow
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Mid-chest
Medium pace and even
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Low in abdomen
Slow
Deep
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Eye Accessing Cues
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Up to their left Remembering
Up to their right Constructing
Also straight ahead and defocused
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Left - remembered
Right - constructed
Down and to their left - Internal dialogue
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Down and to their right
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It is useful to remember that none of these indicators are "absolutes". Watching and listening for them will, however, increase your rapport with the other person by default because of the attention you are giving them as a bi-product of your observation.
Our specific words also give a strong indication of which representational system, or sequence of systems, someone prefers:
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Visual Words - seeing pictures and images
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Appear
Aspect
Bright
Clarify
Clarity
Clear
Colour
Dark
Depict
Discern
Distinguish
Dress up
Enlighten
Expose
Eye
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Flash
Focus
Foresee
Glance
Glimpse
Graphic
Hindsight
Horizon
Illusion
Illustrate
Image
Insight
Inspect
Light
Look
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Notice
Obscure
Observe
Outlook
Paint
Perception
Perspective
Picture
Preview
Reveal
Scene
Scope
See
Short-sighted
Show
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Sight
Sketchy
Survey
Unseen
View
Vision
Visualise
Watch
Witness
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Auditory Words - hearing sounds and noises
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Accent
Amplify
Announce
Ask
Audible
Chord
Clear
Click
Converse
Discuss
Dissonant
Earshot
Enunciate
Gossip
Growl
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Groan
Grunt
Harmonise
Hear
Hush
Listen
Loud
Muffle
Mute
Noise
Note
Oral
Pronounce
Rattle
Relate
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Remark
Resound
Ring
Roar
Say
Scream
Shout
Shrill
Silence
Sing
Sound
Speak
Speechless
State
Talk
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Tell
Tone
Tune
Utter
Verbal
Vocal
Voice
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Kinaesthetic Words - feelings, both emotional and tactile
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Active
Bear
Callous
Carry
Charge
Cold
Concrete
Crash
Crawl
Emotional
Feel
Firm
Fish for
Flow
Foundation
Gentle
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Grab
Grasp
Grip
Handle
Hard
Hassle
Heated
Hit
Hold
Hot
Hunch
Impact
Irritate
Lukewarm
Motion
Move
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Muddled
Pressure
Rub
Rush
Scent
Set
Shallow
Sharpen
Smash
Soft
Solid
Sore
Stir
Stress
Strike
Stroke
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Support
Tap
Tension
Throw
Tied
Touch
Unsettled
Warm
Whipped
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