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Representational Systems

Definition
Representational systems are the ways we access, process and store information once it is received through the five senses. In addition to the specific words and phrases we use (see table below for examples which will show you your own predominant pattern) the system in use at any time can be identified through ...

Purpose
To demonstrate how you can ...

  • Increase your levels of rapport (and therefore influence) through identifying and utilising your communication partner's representational system preferences.
  • Build the effectiveness of presentations by including a full range of representational systems in your language.
This table shows some of the basic patterns and indicators that most people will find useful in their everyday business dealings:


Visual
Auditory
Kinaesthetic
Indicator
Eye Ear Together
Vocal Effects
Pitch/tone high
Fast speech
Medium pitch/tone
Medium pace
Deep pitch
Slow pace
Gestures
High level
Medium level
Hand at mouth
Head to one side
Low level
Breathing
High in chest
Reasonably fast
Often shallow
Mid-chest
Medium pace and even
Low in abdomen
Slow
Deep
Eye Accessing Cues
Up to their left Remembering
Up to their right Constructing
Also straight ahead and defocused
Left - remembered
Right - constructed
Down and to their left - Internal dialogue
Down and to their right
Visual cues diagram Auditory cues diagram Kinaesthetic cues diagram

It is useful to remember that none of these indicators are "absolutes". Watching and listening for them will, however, increase your rapport with the other person by default because of the attention you are giving them as a bi-product of your observation.

Our specific words also give a strong indication of which representational system, or sequence of systems, someone prefers:

Visual Words - seeing pictures and images
Eye
Appear
Aspect
Bright
Clarify
Clarity
Clear
Colour
Dark
Depict
Discern
Distinguish
Dress up
Enlighten
Expose
Eye
Flash
Focus
Foresee
Glance
Glimpse
Graphic
Hindsight
Horizon
Illusion
Illustrate
Image
Insight
Inspect
Light
Look
Notice
Obscure
Observe
Outlook
Paint
Perception
Perspective
Picture
Preview
Reveal
Scene
Scope
See
Short-sighted
Show
Sight
Sketchy
Survey
Unseen
View
Vision
Visualise
Watch
Witness
 
Auditory Words - hearing sounds and noises
Ear
Accent
Amplify
Announce
Ask
Audible
Chord
Clear
Click
Converse
Discuss
Dissonant
Earshot
Enunciate
Gossip
Growl
Groan
Grunt
Harmonise
Hear
Hush
Listen
Loud
Muffle
Mute
Noise
Note
Oral
Pronounce
Rattle
Relate
Remark
Resound
Ring
Roar
Say
Scream
Shout
Shrill
Silence
Sing
Sound
Speak
Speechless
State
Talk
Tell
Tone
Tune
Utter
Verbal
Vocal
Voice
 
Kinaesthetic Words - feelings, both emotional and tactile
Together
Active
Bear
Callous
Carry
Charge
Cold
Concrete
Crash
Crawl
Emotional
Feel
Firm
Fish for
Flow
Foundation
Gentle
Grab
Grasp
Grip
Handle
Hard
Hassle
Heated
Hit
Hold
Hot
Hunch
Impact
Irritate
Lukewarm
Motion
Move
Muddled
Pressure
Rub
Rush
Scent
Set
Shallow
Sharpen
Smash
Soft
Solid
Sore
Stir
Stress
Strike
Stroke
Support
Tap
Tension
Throw
Tied
Touch
Unsettled
Warm
Whipped